Vertical or multi-level cumulonimbiform.2C cumuliform.2C and stratiform .28low to mid-level cloud base.29 List of cloud types




1 vertical or multi-level cumulonimbiform, cumuliform, , stratiform (low mid-level cloud base)

1.1 genus cumulonimbus: towering vertical
1.2 genus cumulus: towering vertical
1.3 genus nimbostratus: moderate or deep vertical

1.3.1 species


1.4 genus cumulus: moderate vertical

1.4.1 species







vertical or multi-level cumulonimbiform, cumuliform, , stratiform (low mid-level cloud base)

clouds upward-growing vertical development form below 2 kilometres (6,600 ft), can based high 2.5 kilometres (8,200 ft) in temperate climates, , higher in arid regions. downward-growing cloud forms above 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) , achieves vertical extent base subsides low altitude range during precipitation.


genus cumulonimbus: towering vertical

cumulonimbus calvus (v-57)



single-cell cumulonimbus capillatus (v-58) incus


abbreviation: cb


clouds of genus cumulonimbus have dark gray black flat bases , high tops can penetrate tropopause. develop cumulus when airmass convectively highly unstable. produce thunderstorms, rain or showers, , hail, strong outflow winds, and/or tornadoes @ ground level.


species



cumulonimbus calvus (v-57)

cumulonimbus high domed top.
cumulonimbus capillatus (v-58)

towering vertical cloud high cirriform top.




varieties

no varieties (always opaque , not form in patterns visible surface level).












precipitation-based supplementary features

associated calvus , capillatus species.

virga

precipitation evaporates before reaching ground.
praecipitatio

precipitation reaches ground.
















cloud-based supplementary features

incus (species capillatus only)

cumulonimbus flat anvil-like cirriform top caused wind shear rising air currents hit inversion layer @ tropopause.
mamma

also called mammatus, consisting of bubble-like protrusions on underside caused localized downdrafts.
arcus (including roll , shelf clouds)

low, horizontal cloud formation associated leading edge of thunderstorm outflow.
tuba

column hanging cloud base can develop funnel cloud or tornado.
















accessory clouds

seen species , capillatus except noted.

pannus

accompanied lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.
pileus (species calvus only)

small cap-like cloud on parent cumulonimbus.
velum

a thin horizontal sheet forms around middle of cumulonimbus.
















genitus mother clouds

cumulonimbus altocumulogenitus
cumulonimbus altostratogenitus
cumulonimbus nimbostratogenitus
cumulonimbus stratocumulogenitus
cumulonimbus flammagenitus formed large scale fires or volcanic eruptions.
















mutatus mother cloud

cumulonimbus cumulomutatus









genus cumulus: towering vertical

cumulus congestus (v-59)


abbreviations: cu con (cumulus congestus) or tcu (towering cumulus)


species



cumulus congestus (v-59)


these large cumulus clouds have flat dark grey bases , tall tower-like formations tops in high level of troposphere. international civil aviation organization (icao) designates species towering cumulus (tcu).




opacity-based varieties

none (always opaque).








pattern-based variety

none (not discerned highly unstable cumulus congestus).












precipitation-based supplementary features

virga

accompanied precipitation evaporates before reaching ground.
praecipitatio

produces precipitation reaches ground.
















cloud-based supplementary features

mamma

downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused localized downdrafts within cloud.
arcus (including roll , shelf clouds)

low horizontal cloud formation associated leading edge of thunderstorm outflow.
tuba

column hanging cloud base can develop small funnel cloud.
















accessory clouds

pannus

accompanied lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.
pileus

small cap-like cloud on parent cumulus cloud.
velum

a thin horizontal sheet forms around middle of cumulus cloud.
















mother clouds

cumulus congestus flammagenitus.
other genitus , mutatus types same small , moderate cumulus.









genus nimbostratus: moderate or deep vertical

nimbostratus (v-60) virga


abbreviation: ns (v-60)


clouds of genus nimbostratus tend bring constant precipitation , low visibility. cloud type forms above 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) altostratus cloud tends thicken lower levels during occurrence of precipitation. top of nimbostratus deck in middle level of troposphere.


species

no differentiated species (always nebulous).




varieties

no varieties (always opaque , never forms in patterns).












precipitation-based supplementary features

virga

accompanied precipitation evaporates before reaching ground.
praecipitatio

produces precipitation reaches ground.
















accessory cloud

pannus

nimbostratus lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.
















genitus mother clouds

nimbostratus cumulogenitus
nimbostratus cumulonimbogenitus
















mutatus mother clouds

nimbostratus altostratomutatus
nimbostratus altocumulomutatus
nimbostratus stratocumulomutatus









genus cumulus: moderate vertical

cumulus mediocris (v-61) above



cumulus mediocris (v-61) pileus



cumulus mediocris (v-61) arcus


abbreviation: cu


moderate vertical cumulus product of free convective airmass instability. continued upward growth suggests showers later in day.


species

cumulus mediocris (v-61)


moderate vertical clouds flat medium grey bases , higher tops cumulus humilis.




opacity-based varieties

none (always opaque)








pattern-based variety

cumulus mediocris radiatus (v-62)(v-60)

moderate cumulus clouds arranged in parallel lines appear converge @ horizon.












precipitation-based supplementary features

virga

accompanied precipitation evaporates before reaching ground.
praecipitatio

produces precipitation reaches ground.
















cloud-based supplementary feature

mamma

downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused localized downdrafts within cloud.
















accessory clouds

pileus

small cap-like cloud on parent cumulus cloud.
velum

a thin horizontal sheet forms around middle of cumulus cloud.
















mother clouds

genitus , mutatus types same cumulus of little vertical extent.












^ cite error: named reference nws invoked never defined (see page).
^ cite error: named reference cloud atlas invoked never defined (see page).
^ cite error: named reference clouds - species , varieties invoked never defined (see page).
^ cite error: named reference aerographer2012 invoked never defined (see page).
^ cite error: named reference features invoked never defined (see page).
^ cumulonimbus incus . universities space research association. 5 august 2009. retrieved 23 october 2012. 
^ paul de valk; rudolf van westhrenen & cintia carbajal henken (2010). automated cb , tcu detection using radar , satellite data: research application (pdf). archived original (pdf) on 2011-11-16. retrieved 2011-09-15. 
^ world meteorological organization (1995). cloud atlas (pdf). retrieved 2014-08-26. 






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