State University University of Al Quaraouiyine
karaouine mosque , university.
at time morocco became french protectorate in 1912, al quaraouiyine had witnessed decline religious center of learning medieval prime. however, had retained significance educational venue sultan s administration. student body rigidly divided along social strata; ethnicity (arab or berber), social status, personal wealth , geographic background (rural or urban) determined group membership of students segregated on teaching facility in personal quarters. french administration implemented number of structural reforms between 1914 , 1947, did not modernize contents of teaching likewise still dominated traditional worldviews of ulama. @ same time, student numbers @ al quaraouiyine dwindled total of 300 in 1922 moroccan elite began send children instead new-found western-style colleges , institutes elsewhere in country.
in 1947, al quaraouiyine integrated state educational system, royal decree after independence, in 1963, madrasa transformed university under supervision of ministry of education. old madrasa shut down , new campus established @ former french army barracks. while dean took seat @ fez, 4 faculties founded in , outside city: faculty of islamic law in fez, faculty of arab studies in marrakech , faculty of theology in tétouan, plus 1 near agadir in 1979. modern curricula , textbooks introduced , professional training of teachers improved. following reforms, al quaraouiyine officially renamed university of al quaraouiyine in 1965.
in 1975, general studies transferred newly founded sidi mohamed ben abdellah university; al quaraouiyine kept islamic , theological courses of studies.
in 1988, after hiatus of 3 decades, teaching of traditional islamic education @ madrasa of al quaraouiyine resumed king hassan ii in has been interpreted move bolster conservative support monarchy.
according unesco, , number of other scholars, al quaraouiyine considered have been university since founding , therefore oldest university in world. according yahya pallavicini, university model did not spread in europe until 12th century, , found throughout muslim world founding of al quaraouiyine in 9th century until @ least european colonialism. according encyclopædia britannica, universities had existed in parts of asia , africa prior founding of first medieval european universities.
a number of other scholars, however, consider medieval university (from latin universitas) institution unique christian europe, arguing first universities located in western europe paris , bologna cited earliest examples. several scholars consider al quaraouiyine founded , run madrasa (arabic: مدرسة) until after world war ii. consider institutions al quaraouiyine higher education colleges of islamic law other subjects of secondary importance. consider university adopted outside west, including islamic world, in course of modernization programmes since beginning of 19th century. date transformation of madrasa of al quaraouiyine university modern reorganization in 1963. in wake of these reforms, al quaraouiyine officially renamed university of al quaraouiyine 2 years later.
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