India History of geography




1 india

1.1 ancient period
1.2 medieval period
1.3 late medieval period





india

a vast corpus of indian texts embraced study of geography. vedas , puranas contain elaborate descriptions of rivers , mountains , treat relationship between physical , human elements. according religious scholar diana eck, notable feature of geography in india interweaving hindu mythology,



no matter 1 goes in india, 1 find landscape in mountains, rivers, forests, , villages elaborately linked stories , gods of indian culture. every place in vast country has story; , conversely, every story of hindu myth , legend has place.



ancient period

the geographers of ancient india put forward theories regarding origin of earth. theorized earth formed solidification of gaseous matter , earth s crust composed of hard rocks (sila), clay (bhumih) , sand (asma). theories propounded explain earthquakes (bhukamp) , assumed earth, air , water combined cause earthquakes. arthashastra, compendium kautilya (also known chanakya) contains range of geographical , statistical information various regions of india. composers of puranas divided known world 7 continents of dwipas, jambu dwipa, krauncha dwipa, kusha dwipa, plaksha dwipa, pushkara dwipa, shaka dwipa , shalmali dwipa. descriptions provided climate , geography of each of dwipas.


early medieval period

the vishnudharmottara purana (compiled between 300-350 ad) contains 6 chapters on physical , human geography. locational attributes of peoples , places, , various seasons topics of these chapters. varahamihira s brihat-samhita gave thorough treatment of planetary movements, rainfall, clouds , formation of water. mathematician-astronomer aryabhata gave precise estimate of earth s circumference in treatise Āryabhaṭīya. aryabhata accurately calculated earth s circumference 24,835 miles, 0.2% smaller actual value of 24,902 miles.


late medieval period

the mughal chronicles tuzuk-i-jehangiri, ain-i-akbari , dastur-ul-aml contain detailed geographical narratives. these based on earlier geographical works of india , advances made medieval muslim geographers, particularly work of alberuni.








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