Independence Oaxaca

benito juarez

by 1810, city of oaxaca had 18,000 inhabitants, of whom mestizos or mixed indigenous/european. during mexican war of independence government of area remained loyal spanish crown. when representatives of miguel hidalgo y costilla came meet them, hanged , heads left out in view. rebel groups emerged in state, such led felipe tinoco , catarino palacios, executed. after 1812, insurgents began have success in state, in areas around huajuapan de león, valerio trujano defended city against royalist forces until josé maría morelos y pavón able come in support keep area in rebel hands. after point, insurgents had greater success in various parts of state, capital remained in royalist hands until end of war.

the state department after war ended in 1821, after fall of emperor agustín de iturbide, became state in 1824 jose maria murguia named first governor.

during 19th century, oaxaca , rest of mexico split between liberal (federalist) , conservative (centralist) factions. political , military struggles between factions resulted in wars , intrigues. vicente guerrero, liberal, executed firing squad in cuilapam in 1831. liberal manuel gomez pedraza became governor in 1832 opposed general estaban moctezuma. , commandant luis quintanar persecuted liberals in state, including benito juárez. constant warfare had negative effect on state s economy , in tehuantepec area supported separatist movement partially successful in 1850s.

two oaxacans, benito juarez , porfirio díaz prominent players in reform war. difficult overstate juárez s meaning state. born on march 21, 1806 in village of san pablo guelatao , full blooded zapotec. began career studying priest lawyer. in 1847, juarez became governor of oaxaca, still faced stern opposition conservatives such lope san germán. success of plan de ayutla, juarez became governor again, , worked remove privileges , properties church , landed classes. constitution of 1857, ratified in oaxaca city, , juarez left governor s position become president of mexico. president during 1 of mexico s turbulent times, fighting invading french forces , conservatives. liberal, imposed many of reforms remain today including in education , separation of church , state. considered legend , symbol indigenous population of state.

porfirio díaz juárez s ally through french intervention. french imperial forces took oaxaca city, defended porfirio diaz, landing latter in prison. capital later recaptured liberals under carlos oronoz. however, after juarez took presidency, porfirio diaz declared rebellion against him oaxaca in 1872 under plan de tuxtepec. juárez died in office. diaz succeed in obtaining presidency , did not relinquish until mexican revolution.