Americas State-owned enterprise

1 americas

1.1 brazil
1.2 canada
1.3 mexico
1.4 united states

1.4.1 government-sponsored enterprises
1.4.2 federal government chartered , owned corporations
1.4.3 federal-government-acquired corporations
1.4.4 other types in united states


1.5 uruguay

americas
brazil

state-owner enterprises divided public enterprises (empresa pública) , mixed-economy companies (sociedade de economia mista). public enterprises subdivided 2 categories: individual – own assets , capital owned union – , plural companies – assets owned multiple government agencies , union, have majority of voting interest. caixa econômica federal, correios, embrapa, , bndes examples of public enterprises. mixed-economy companies enterprises majority of stocks owned government, have stocks owned private sector , have shares traded on stock exchanges. banco brasil, petrobras, sabesp, , eletrobras examples of mixed-economy companies.

beginning in 1990s, central government of brazil launched privatization program inspired washington consensus. state-owned enterprises such vale rio doce, telebrás, csn, , usiminas (most of them mixed-economy companies) transferred private sector part of policy.

brasil state owned companies fact sheet / download here http://www.planejamento.gov.br/secretarias/upload/arquivos/dest/perfil_empresas_estatais/2014/2015_ano_base_2014.pdf

canada

in canada, state-owned corporations referred crown corporations, indicating organization established law, owned sovereign (either in right of canada or province), , overseen parliament , cabinet. examples of federal crown corporations include:

the canadian broadcasting corporation,
canada post,
bank of canada,
and via rail.

ministers of crown control shares in such public corporations, while parliament both sets out laws create , bind crown corporations , sets annual budgets.

foreign soes welcome invest in canada: in fall 2013, british columbia , alberta signed agreements overseas promote foreign direct investment in canada. investment canada act governs area federally. former prime minister stephen harper stated in 2013 government [needs] exercise judgement on soes.

saskatchewan has maintained largest number of crown corporations, including

saskenergy,
saskpower,
sasktel,
saskwater, and
saskatchewan government insurance.

crown corporations of british columbia include

bc hydro,
bc transit,
bc housing management commission,
liquor distribution branch, , the
british columbia lottery corporation.

in ontario:

groupemédia tfo
independent electricity system operator
ontario educational communications authority
ontario lottery , gaming corporation
ontario power generation
liquor control board of ontario

in quebec:

hydro-québec
télé-québec
société des alcools du québec
loto-québec
caisse de dépôt et placement du québec
investissement québec
société des traversiers du québec
société de la place des arts de montréal
société québécoise des infrastructures

privatization, or selling of crown corporations private interests, has become common throughout canada on past 30 years. petro-canada, canadian national railway, , air canada examples of former federal crown corporations have been privatized. privatized provincial crown corporations include alberta government telephones (which merged privately owned bc tel form telus), bcric, manitoba telecom services, saskatchewan oil & gas corporation , potash corporation of saskatchewan.

mexico

comisión federal de electricidad
ferrocarril transístmico
ferrocarriles chiapas-mayab
pemex
aeropuertos y servicios auxiliares
telecomm-telégrafos
notimex

united states
government-sponsored enterprises

government-sponsored enterprises (gses) group of financial services corporations created united states congress. united states gses private corporations owned stockholders, rather government-owned corporations. primary function generate profits stockholders, structured , regulated u.s. government enhance availability , reduce cost of credit targeted borrowing sectors. congress created first gse in 1916 creation of farm credit system; initiated gses in home finance segment of economy creation of federal home loan banks in 1932; , targeted education when chartered sallie mae in 1972 (although congress allowed sallie mae relinquish government sponsorship , become private institution via legislation in 1995). residential mortgage borrowing segment far largest of borrowing segments in gses operate. together, 3 mortgage finance gses (fannie mae, freddie mac, , 11 federal home loan banks) have several trillion dollars of on-balance sheet assets. federal government possesses warrants which, if exercised, allow them take 79.9% ownership share in companies. federal government has not, of december 2014, exercised these warrants.

government sponsored enterprises include:

fannie mae
farmer mac
federal home loan banks
freddie mac
ginnie mae

federal government chartered , owned corporations

the federal government chartered , owned corporations separate set of corporations chartered , owned federal government, operate provide public services, unlike federal agencies (environmental protection agency, bureau of indian affairs), or federal independent commissions (e.g., the federal communications commission, nuclear regulatory commission, etc.), have separate legal personality federal government, providing highest level of political independence. receive federal budgetary appropriations, have independent sources of revenue. these include:

federal-government-acquired corporations

the federal-government-acquired corporations separate set of corporations chartered , created entity other u.s. federal government, were, @ point, nationalised federal government. of these corporations temporarily in possession of government result of seizure of property of debtor government, such delinquent taxpayer; usually, these awaiting liquidation @ auction, , small note. however, there corporations federal government has nationalised ensure continued provision of essential service or services (such federal government s nationalisation of alaska northern railroad in 1914 , tanana valley railroad in 1917, both part of still-federally-owned alaska railroad, and, on larger scale, nationalisation of u.s. railroads 1917 1920 under united states railroad administration), nationalization of northeastern freight railroads under conrail (1976).

other types in united states

there exists second level of sovereign government in united states after federal government: of several states of united states. vast majority of non-governmental corporations in united states chartered states of united states. includes charitable corporations, non-profit corporations, , for-profit corporations. states have power charter corporations own, control, or responsible regulation , finance of. these include municipal corporations , state chartered , owned corporations. state government-chartered , -owned corporations numerous , provide public services. examples include north dakota mill , elevator , south dakota public broadcasting. speaking, statute passed state legislature sets government-owned company in order undertake specific public purpose public funds or public property. lotteries in united states run government corporations, such georgia lottery corporation , many others.

there exists third level of sovereign government in united states: sovereignty of native american tribal governments. such, native american (including alaska native) tribal governments have power charter corporations , undertake public undertakings might benefit tribal citizens, native americans being not citizens of particular tribes, citizens of respective u.s. states, , of united states. example, tribal council establish public service broadcaster along lines of ireland s raidió teilifís Éireann, partially fund television licence on tribal land, , make difference through advertising, thereby making both means of uniting tribe , giving voice , commercial venture tribe.

the alaska natives particularly advanced in using tribal sovereignty incorporate corporations owned , benefit of tribal citizens , compete in highly competitive economic sectors through alaska native regional corporations. native american tribes in 48 contiguous states use sovereignty , ability charter compete using regulatory easements; instance, native american tribal corporations trade in goods highly taxed in surrounding states (such tobacco), or engage in activities surrounding states have (for reasons of public policy) forbidden, such operation of casinos or other gaming establishments. of these endeavors have proven successful native american tribal sovereigns , tribal corporations, bringing wealth hands of native americans.

uruguay

uruguay had first welfare state of latin america under presidency of josé batlle y ordoñez in 1904. government-owned corporations monopolize services such electricity (ute), land-line communications (antel) , water (ose). antel competes private corporations in cell-phone lines , international telephony markets.

in 1992, under presidency of luis alberto lacalle, government attempted privatize companies, following neoliberal washington consensus. however, referendum won 75% of population kept companies in hands of government. end of term, president lacalle alleged had achieved successful modernization of companies, had made them more efficient.