Extended chords Chord names and symbols (popular music)

1 extended chords

1.1 9ths
1.2 11ths
1.3 13ths

extended chords

extended chords add further notes onto 7th chords. of 7 notes in major scale, seventh chord uses 4 (root, third above root, fifth above root , seventh above root). other 3 notes (the second above root, fourth above root , sixth above root) can added in combination; however, triads , seventh chords, notes commonly stacked – seventh implies there fifth , third , root. in practice, in jazz, notes can omitted without changing quality of chord. in jazz ensemble bass player, chord-playing instrumentalists (guitar, organ, piano, etc.) can omit root, bass player typically incorporate bassline.

the 9th, 11th , 13th chords known extended tertian chords. scale repeats every 7 notes in scale, these notes enharmonically equivalent 2nd, 4th, , 6th – except more octave above root. however, not mean must played in higher octave. although changing octave of notes in chord (within reason) change way chord sounds, not change essential characteristics or tendency of it. accordingly, using 9th, 11th , 13th in chord notation implies chord extended tertian chord rather added chord (see added chords below).

9ths

9th chords built adding 9th root seventh chord. 9th chord includes 7th. without 7th, chord not extended chord, becomes added tone chord—in case, add 9. 9ths can added chord, commonly seen major, dominant, , minor sevenths. commonly omitted note voicing perfect 5th.

the table below shows names, symbols, , definitions various kinds of ninth chords (using c root)

11ths

these theoretically 9th chords 11th (4th) note in scale added. however, common leave notes out. major 3rd omitted because of strong dissonance 11th (4th), therefore called avoid note. omission of 3rd reduces 11th chord corresponding 9sus4 (suspended 9th chord; aiken 2004, p. 104). similarly, omission of 3rd 5th in c results in major chord alternate base b♭/c, characteristic in soul , gospel music. instance:

c without 3rd = c–(e)–g–b♭–d–f ≈ c–f–g–b♭–d = c
c without 3rd , 5th = c–(e)–(g)-b♭–d–f ≈ c–f–b♭–d = b♭/c

if 9th omitted, chord no longer extended chord, added tone chord (see below). without 3rd, added tone chord becomes 7sus4 (suspended 7th chord). instance:

c without 9th = c = c–e–g–b♭–(d)–f
c without 3rd = c–(e)–g–b♭–(d)-f ≈ c–f–g–b♭ = c

the table below shows names, symbols, , definitions various kinds of eleventh chords (using c root)

alterations natural diatonic chords can specified c ... etc. omission of 5th in sharpened 11th chord reduces sound flat-fifth chord. (aiken 2004, p. 94):

c = c–e–(g)–b♭–d–f♯ ≈ c–e–g♭–b♭–d = c

13ths

these theoretically 11th chords 13th (or 6th) note in scale added. in other words, theoretically formed 7 notes of diatonic scale @ once. again, common leave notes out. after 5th, commonly omitted note troublesome 11th (4th). 9th (2nd) can omitted. common voicing on guitar 13th chord root, 3rd, 7th , 13th (or 6th). example: c–e–(g)-b♭–(d)–(f)-a, or c–e–(g)–a–b♭–(d)–(f). on piano, voiced c–b♭–e–a.

the table below shows names, symbols, , definitions thirteenth chords (using c root)

alterations natural diatonic chords can specified c ... etc.