The beginnings of Ismāʿīlī Daʿwah Isma'ilism
after being set free yazid, zaynab bint ali, daughter of fatimah , ali , sister of hasan , husayn, started spread word of karbala muslim world, making speeches regarding event. first organized daʿwah of shia, later develop extremely spiritual institution ismāʿīlīs.
after poisoning of ali ibn husayn zayn al-abidin hisham ibn abd al-malik in 713, shiism s first succession crisis arose zayd ibn ‘alī s companions , zaydīs claimed zayd ibn ‘alī imām, whilst rest of shia upheld muhammad al-baqir imām. zaidis argued sayyid or descendant of muhammad through hasan or husayn rebelled against tyranny , injustice of age imām. zaidis created first shi states in iran, iraq , yemen.
in contrast predecessors, muhammad al-baqir focused on academic islamic scholarship in medina, promulgated teachings many muslims, both shia , non-shia, in extremely organized form of daʿwah. in fact, earliest text of ismaili school of thought said umm al-kitab (the archetypal book), conversation between muhammad al-baqir , 3 of disciples.
this tradition pass on son, ja far al-sadiq, inherited imāmate on father s death in 743. ja far al-sadiq excelled in scholarship of day , had many pupils, including 3 of 4 founders of sunni madhhabs.
however, following al-sadiq s poisoning in 765, fundamental split occurred in community. isma il ibn jafar, @ 1 point appointed father next imam, appeared have predeceased father in 755. while twelvers argue either never heir apparent or predeceased father , hence musa al-kadhim true heir imamate. ismāʿīlīs argue either death of isma il staged in order protect him abbasid persecution or imamate passed muhammad ibn isma il in lineal descent.
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