Economy Oaxaca

1 economy

1.1 migration
1.2 agriculture
1.3 mining , industry
1.4 commerce

economy


the central eólica sureste i, fase ii in asunción ixtaltepec. isthmus of tehuantepec region of mexico highest capacity wind energy.



benito juárez market, oaxaca

according mexican government agency conapo (national population council), oaxaca third economically marginalized state in mexico. state has 3.3% of population produces 1.5% of gnp. main reason lack of infrastructure , education, in interior of state outside of capital. eighty percent of state s municipalities not meet federal minimums housing , education. development projects planned capital , surrounding area. little has been planned rural areas , state lacks resources implement them. largest sector of oaxaca s economy agriculture, done communally in ejidos or similar arrangements. 31% of population employed in agriculture, 50% in commerce , services , 22% in industry. commerce sector dominates gross domestic product @ 65.4%, followed industry/mining @ 18.9% , agriculture @ 15.7%.

migration

in 45.5% of oaxaca s municipalities, population has declined due migration. poverty , migration caused lack of economic development in state, leaves of population working in least productive sector. has led wide scale migration, rural areas, find employment. within oaxaca, many people leave rural villages work in city of oaxaca, papaloapan area , coast. within mexico, many leave mexico city, mexico state, sinaloa, baja california , baja california sur. of leaving state agricultural workers. of 2005, on 80,000 people oaxaca state live in other part of mexico. of leaving oaxaca , mexico go united states. of current wave of emigration began in late 1970s, , 1980s oaxaca ranked 8th in number of people leaving mexico. today, percentage has fallen 20th. of migrate united states, concentrated in california , illinois. in 2007, estimates of number of oaxacans residing in los angeles, california ranged 50,000 250,000.

agriculture

a market in oaxaca

the economy of oaxaca based on agriculture, in interior of state. 9% of territory suitable agriculture due mountainous terrain, there limits sector. production of food staples, such corn , beans, internal consumption production cannot meet demand. total agricultural production of state estimated @ 13.4 million tons value of 10,528 million pesos in 2007. of 2000, 1,207,738 hectares used raising of crops, of occurs during annual rainy season, 487,963 having crops growing year round. 81,197 hectares have irrigation. variation of climate allows wider range of agricultural crops otherwise grow in geographical region of size. oaxaca nation s second highest producer of grains , agave. third in production of peanuts, mango , sugar cane. second largest producer of goat meat, providing 10% of national total. in more temperate areas crops such corn, beans, sorghum, peanuts, alfalfa , wheat grown. in more tropical areas, crops include coffee, sesame seed, rice, sugar cane , pineapple.

livestock raised on 3,050,106 hectares or 32% of state s land. cattle dominate in tuxtepec, isthmus , coast regions, pigs dominating in higher elevations such central valleys region. other animals include sheep, goats, domestic fowl , bees. value of production estimated @ 2,726.4 million pesos cattle comprising on half of this. coffee grown in mountain areas near pacific ocean in municipalities such santa maría huatulco, pluma hidalgo, candelaria loxicha, san miguel del puerto , san mateo piñas. growing of coffee here dates 17th , 18th centuries when english pirates introduced plant. coastal fishing major source of income , in 2007 total fishing catch estimated @ 9,300 tons value of on 174 million pesos.

mining , industry

mining has traditionally been important economy , history. hernán cortés sought , received title of marquis of valley of oaxaca in order claim mineral , other rights. coal, salt, chalk, petroleum, marble, lime, graphite, titanium, silver, gold , lead still extracted. mines today located in etla, ixtlán, san pedro taviche, pápalo , salinas cruz. there oil , natural gas refinery in salinas cruz, provides products state , other areas on mexico s pacific coast.

commerce

tourism important state sector growing , brings substantial income outside state, although tourism concentrated in capital , along coast. in 2007, there 1,927 small grocery stores, 70 tianguis , 167 municipal markets. tourism accounts 30% of commerce sector of oaxaca s economy. state attracts visitors mexico , abroad. state government has been pushing sector heavily means of growing economy, major infrastructure projects such oaxaca-puerto escondido-huatulco highway (scheduled finish in 2018) , iberdrola hydroelectric dam.

in 2000, there 612 hotels 15,368 rooms. thirteen of these classed 5 stars. state received 1,564,936 visitors year, on 80% of whom mexico. central valleys region receives visitors (60%), followed la mixteca , papaloapan regions (29%) , coast (11%), in spite of fact 7% of state s attractions in oaxaca city area. 1 reason city of oaxaca 4 , half hours away mexico city via federal highway.