Applications Geographic information system

1 applications

1.1 open geospatial consortium standards
1.2 web mapping
1.3 adding dimension of time

applications

the implementation of gis driven jurisdictional (such city), purpose, or application requirements. generally, gis implementation may custom-designed organization. hence, gis deployment developed application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose may not interoperable or compatible gis has been developed other application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose.

gis provides, every kind of location-based organization, platform update geographical data without wasting time visit field , update database manually. gis when integrated other powerful enterprise solutions sap , wolfram language helps creating powerful decision support system @ enterprise level.

geabios – tiny wms/wfs client (flash/dhtml)

many disciplines can benefit gis technology. active gis market has resulted in lower costs , continual improvements in hardware , software components of gis, , usage in fields of science, government, business, , industry, applications including real estate, public health, crime mapping, national defense, sustainable development, natural resources, climatology, landscape architecture, archaeology, regional , community planning, transportation , logistics. gis diverging location-based services, allows gps-enabled mobile devices display location in relation fixed objects (nearest restaurant, gas station, fire hydrant) or mobile objects (friends, children, police car), or relay position central server display or other processing.

open geospatial consortium standards

the open geospatial consortium (ogc) international industry consortium of 384 companies, government agencies, universities, , individuals participating in consensus process develop publicly available geoprocessing specifications. open interfaces , protocols defined opengis specifications support interoperable solutions geo-enable web, wireless , location-based services, , mainstream it, , empower technology developers make complex spatial information , services accessible , useful kinds of applications. open geospatial consortium protocols include web map service, , web feature service.

gis products broken down the ogc 2 categories, based on how , accurately software follows ogc specifications.

ogc standards gis tools communicate.

compliant products software products comply ogc s opengis specifications. when product has been tested , certified compliant through ogc testing program, product automatically registered compliant on site.

implementing products software products implement opengis specifications have not yet passed compliance test. compliance tests not available specifications. developers can register products implementing draft or approved specifications, though ogc reserves right review , verify each entry.

web mapping

in recent years there has been proliferation of free-to-use , accessible mapping software such proprietary web applications google maps , bing maps, free , open-source alternative openstreetmap. these services give public access huge amounts of geographic data; perceived many users trustworthy , usable professional information.

some of them, google maps , openlayers, expose application programming interface (api) enable users create custom applications. these toolkits commonly offer street maps, aerial/satellite imagery, geocoding, searches, , routing functionality. web mapping has uncovered potential of crowdsourcing geodata in projects openstreetmap, collaborative project create free editable map of world. these mashup projects have been proven provide high level of value , benefit end users outside possible through traditional geographic information.

adding dimension of time

the condition of earth s surface, atmosphere, , subsurface can examined feeding satellite data gis. gis technology gives researchers ability examine variations in earth processes on days, months, , years. example, changes in vegetation vigor through growing season can animated determine when drought extensive in particular region. resulting graphic represents rough measure of plant health. working 2 variables on time allow researchers detect regional differences in lag between decline in rainfall , effect on vegetation.

gis technology , availability of digital data on regional , global scales enable such analyses. satellite sensor output used generate vegetation graphic produced example advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (avhrr). sensor system detects amounts of energy reflected earth s surface across various bands of spectrum surface areas of 1 square kilometer. satellite sensor produces images of particular location on earth twice day. avhrr , more moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (modis) 2 of many sensor systems used earth surface analysis.

in addition integration of time in environmental studies, gis being explored ability track , model progress of humans throughout daily routines. concrete example of progress in area recent release of time-specific population data u.s. census. in data set, populations of cities shown daytime , evening hours highlighting pattern of concentration , dispersion generated north american commuting patterns. manipulation , generation of data required produce data not have been possible without gis.

using models project data held gis forward in time have enabled planners test policy decisions using spatial decision support systems.