Fixed vs hinged arch Arch



rossgraben bridge (rüeggisberg) near bern, switzerland, showing hinge @ mid-span of three-hinged arch.


the common true arch configurations fixed arch, two-hinged arch, , three-hinged arch.


the fixed arch used in reinforced concrete bridge , tunnel construction, spans short. because subject additional internal stress caused thermal expansion , contraction, type of arch considered statically indeterminate.


the two-hinged arch used bridge long spans. type of arch has pinned connections @ base. unlike fixed arch, pinned base able rotate, allowing structure move freely , compensate thermal expansion , contraction caused changes in outdoor temperature. however, can result in additional stresses, two-hinged arch statically indeterminate, although not degree of fixed arch.


the three-hinged arch not hinged @ base, two-hinged arch, @ mid-span well. additional connection @ mid-span allows three-hinged arch move in 2 opposite directions , compensate expansion , contraction. type of arch not subject additional stress caused thermal change. three-hinged arch therefore said statically determinate. used medium-span structures, such large building roofs.


another advantage of three-hinged arch pinned bases more developed fixed ones, allowing shallow, bearing-type foundations in medium-span structures. in three-hinged arch, thermal expansion , contraction of arch cause vertical movements @ peak pin joint have no appreciable effect on bases, further simplifying foundation design.








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