Protection and development Gotjawal Forest

1 protection , development

1.1 new developments
1.2 new protections

1.2.1 ramsar convention wetlands

protection , development

gloydius ussuriensis on dong baek dong san gotjawal forest

as seen 3 features of gotjawal forest, difficult develop forest before modern era, formed on quite rocky areas. that’s why gotjawal forest maintain original ecosystem unaffected human activity.

new developments

however beginning in 1980s, interest grew develop within forest build golf courses, resorts, , other tourist facilities. use contemporary construction technology allows unprecedented changes native habitat landscapes , hydrology. meanwhile, developing new tourist attractions important island s economy, depends on tourist industry.

golf courses , aquifers

however, parts of gotjawal forest have been developed. parts of forest golf courses. end of 2005, there more 16 golf courses on jeju, , many golf courses either under construction or in planning stages. in addition, location set famous tv drama, legend, established on part of forest. other tourist sites being planned in or near gotjawal forest.

how groundwater used golf courses , whether present use of groundwater sustainable subject of many hot debates. in data 2002, find documentation water used domestic purposes per day in jeju 634,864㎥/day, (43%), while water used agricultural purposes per day 800,565㎥/day (54%). these researchers referred report issued kowaco. water used 16 golf courses during 2004 39,303 ton per day. environmental organizations golf courses main cause of groundwater exhaustion , pollution, not yet know whether true or not.

new protections

citizens

with such threats ecology, citizens’ movement protect gotjawal forest arose on jeju-do. gotjawal people [1] solely dedicated protection of gotjawal forest. half-million citizens of jeju-do not focus on forest plants, on critically important function of recharging , cleaning groundwater supply. people aware protecting gotjawal forest essential protection of groundwater, under threat overuse agriculture , golf industries.

protecting gotjawal forest contributes protecting groundwater in 2 ways: (1) gotjawal forest important groundwater recharging area. so, protecting forest, groundwater can recharged. (2) golf courses use huge amounts of groundwater.

government

the jeju’s provincial government designated part of gotjawal (dong baek dong san, camellia forest) local natural monument in 1981. government has not paid attention or budgeted necessary funds research , education projects dong baek dong san forest.

the jeju’s provincial government, in addition, established gotjawal trust [2] in 2007, stated dedicated preservation , protection of gotjawal forest. nonetheless government has been criticized allowing construction of golf courses , other tourist facilities within forest habitats rapidly destroying portions of gotjawal forest , reducing aquifer recharging.

ramsar convention wetlands

some population of japanese paradise flycatcher breeds in gotjawal forest.

gotjawal forest qualifies internationally important wetlands designated ramsar convention on wetlands. gotjawal forest falls ramsar wetland type of zk(b) karst , other subterranean hydrological systems. date, gotjawal forest has not been declared ramsar site.

scope

ramsar convention guidelines that, regardless of genesis, these terms (karst , other subterranean hydrological systems) should used include subterranean cavities , voids water. such sites eligible inclusion in ramsar list whenever site selection criteria fulfilled. guideline further clarifies definition of wetlands saying ramsar definition of wetlands (article 1.1) should read/understood include surface , subterranean wetlands, although convention text not explicitly refer these systems.

criteria

when considering essential function of gotjawal forest in recharging , protecting groundwater – , sole source of water 500,000 people on jeju – gotjawal forest qualifies internationally important wetland according ramsar convention. in addition, gotjawal forest qualifies ramsar site because of unique forest ecology.

the ramsar convention requires wetland meet 1 of criteria suggested convention in order considered internationally important wetland. according above-mentioned guidelines, gotjawal forest qualifies on basis of of following criteria.

criterion 1: wetland should considered internationally important if contains representative, rare, or unique example of natural or near-natural wetland type found within appropriate biogeographic region. (about criterion 1, convention further explains:
criterion 2: wetland should considered internationally important if supports vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered species or threatened ecological communities.

hydrological importance. indicated article 2 of ramsar convention, wetlands can selected hydrological importance which, inter alia, may include following attributes. may: i) play major role in natural control, amelioration or prevention of flooding; ii) important seasonal water retention wetlands or other areas of conservation importance downstream; iii) important recharge of aquifer; iv) form part of karst or underground hydrological or spring systems supply major surface wetlands;

gotjawal forest in jeju-do qualifies criterion because:

^ yun et al, 2006, p.55
^ kowaco, 2003
^ kim, 2006, p.35
^ korean federation environmental movement archived 2008-10-17 @ wayback machine.
^ online encyclopedia of naver
^ jang et al, 2009, p.103
^ ramsar convention, 2009, b
^ ramsar site list accessed june 2009
^ ramsar convention, 2009, a, part vi. guidelines identifying , designating specific wetland types, paragraph 120
^ ramsar convention, 2009, a, part vi. guidelines identifying , designating specific wetland types, paragraph 128
^ ramsar convention, 1987, article 2-2
^ ramsar convention, 2009 c
^ ramsar convention, 2009, paragraph-guidelines application of criteria- criteria 1: 1d)
^ cite error: named reference yim, 2007, p.79 invoked never defined (see page).
^ kim, 2003, p.3
^ oh et al, 2002, p.93